Digg it UP - Legal

What's Stopping You From Making a Profit?
Numbers! Don't have the right sales volume? Costs to high? Competition driving prices down? There are a lot of numbers you can point to. Certainly, you can't control all of the factors impacting your numbers. But, most of the things you'll list are really just symptoms - not the cause. What's really stopping you from making a profit? My experience from talking with hundreds of small business owners indicates several causes for them not making the profit their business is capable of. In come cases, the owner hasn't made an active, dedicated, daily action decision to "make a profit". Others, don't know enough about their numbers to know where to make the changes in their business activities to increase their profitability. Still others, perhaps most, want to increase their profitability, know their numbers, but don't know what to do on a daily basis to create more profitability. Finally, action is required to make a business as profitable as it can be and deserves to be. No decision leads to less profit. Keeping up with the daily demands of running a business can get in the way of making clear cut decisions. You start your business with the best intentions. Your goal is to make a living (that's not profit) and, ultimately, make a profit - a return on your investment. Somehow, once the day gets launched all bets are off. Not renewing your decision to make a profit every day may be stopping you from making a profit. Don't let a busy day get in the way of making a profit. No numbers leads to less profit. I trust you have a set of financial statements. And, your statements break out the numbers in the categories impacting your bottom line. If not, STOP. Do not pass Go, do not collect $200, go directly to Jail. This isn't about Monopoly money. It's more serious than that. If you've got the statements, use them. Use them to impact today. Don't just review them on "Monday Morning". ent of Pakistan (GoP) announced “Deregulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector”. The Policy sets out the following objectives :

• To increase service choice for customers of telecommunication services at competitive and affordable rates;
• To promote infrastructure development, especially infrastructure that will increase teledensity and the spread of telecommunication services in all market segments.
• To increase private investment in private sector.
• To encourage local telecom manufacturing/service industry.
• Recognizing the challenge to incumbent, PTCL.
• Accelerate expansion of telecom infrastructure to extend services to un-served and under-served areas.
• Liberalize the telecommunication sector by encouraging fair competition amongst service provider.
• Maintain and effective well defined regulatory regime that is consistent with best international practice.
• Maintain consistency with Pakistan’s IT and Interconnect promotion policy of low prices for bandwidth to make internet access affordable.
• Safeguard Pakistan’s national and security interest.

Mobile Cellular Policy 2004:

GoP has announced it Cellular Policy. The policy objectives are:

• Promotion of efficient use of radio spectrum;
• Increased choice for customers of cellular mobile services at competitive and affordable price;
• Private investment in the cellular mobile sector;
• Recognition of the rights and obligations of mobile cellular operators;
• Fair competition amongst mobile and fixed line operators;
• An effective and well defined regulatory regime that is consistent with international best practices;

In pursuance and compliance of the Cellular Policy, the Regulator has issued licenses to the foreign companies.

Subordinate Legislations:

The Act of 1

The Dangers of Freelancing and How to Protect Yourself from Thieves, Plagiarists and Time Wasters!
Are you a freelance designer that is worried about or has been affected by thieves and plagiarists that waste your time and lose you money? If so then read on…I hear a lot in the forums about designers that are angry because they have just been scammed. No one expects to be a victim of theft until it actually happens to them. I personally rarely have this problem as I am careful about whom I design for and always protect my work. This does not mean to say that it will not happen to me and unfortunately does happen to freelancers all the time.Some people feel they can use freelancers and the contest forums as a free service. They will pose as a client and give a project specification with a set price. Freelance designers will submit their work and may even get responses from this so called client. They will then steal the designs, usually using the old copy and paste method. Some more bold thieves will even request the files to be sent to them before they give payment. NEVER send your completed designs to a client before payment has been confirmed as it will leave you open to scams.Just like thieves, time wasters do not pay for your services, but they will not steal them either. They will simply give up and ignore the work submitted. More often that not what happens is a client requests a logo or template and does not like the results they are getting from the freelancers submitting their entries. They then decide to go elsewhere without selecting a winner from their posting. The client has not looked at the rules of the forums carefully and although they do not mean to cause the freelancers any problems, by ignoring entries they are significantly wasting the designer’s time. This has resulted in a lot of people being banned from forums and labelled as time wasters.The final issue of plagiarism tends to be more of a problem from new freelancers who are unaware of the laws regarding protected works. In order to copy a design in p

Historical Background and Development:

Consequent to the Lord Mountbatten’s 3rd June 1947 Plan the Indian Independence Act, 1947 was enacted by the British Parliament and Pakistan emerged on the world map as an Independent & Sovereign Dominion. In terms of Section 18 (3) of the Act of 1947 the Laws of British India were applicable and continued as law of the Dominion (Pakistan) with necessary adaptations until the other provisions are made by the Legislature in Pakistan. The then Governor General (Mountbatten of Burma) was empowered in Section 9 (1) to carry into effect the operation of the Act of 1947 who accordingly issued “The Pakistan (Adaptation of Existing Pakistan Laws) Order dated 14th August 1947” (G.G.O. No. 20 of 1947).

Section 3 of the Order of 1947 read as “As from the appointed day, all existing Pakistan Laws shall, until repealed or altered or amended by a competent Legislature or other competent authority, in their application to Pakistan and any part or parts thereof, be subject to the adaptation directed in this Order”. Through this legislative mechanism Pakistan inherited plethora of colonial and other legislative instruments, hundreds of which were repealed and the remaining were retained/adopted, adapted and extended through various Acts, Ordinances promulgated in different phases of time by the Legislature in Pakistan.

At the time of independence the laws in force in Pakistan relating to Telecommunication were “The Telegraph Act, 1885 (XIII of 1885)” and “The Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933 (VII of 1933)”. These were extended and adapted in Pakistan through “The Adaptation of Central Acts and Ordinances Order, 1949” (G.G.O. No. 4 of 1949) and Central Laws (Statute Reforms) Ordinance 1960 (XXI of 1960).

The Act of 1885 was the primary governing telecommunication statute. There was a joint Director General of Posts, Telegraph & Telephone under the Act of 1885. The Act granted exclusive privilege to Government (Posts, Telegraph & Telephone [PTT] Department to establish, maintain, working, licencing, regulating the Telegraph within or any part of Pakistan. The government was the governing and controlling authority of telecom sector in Pakistan. Likewise, The Wireless Telegraphy Act was enacted in order to regulate the possession of wireless telegraph apparatus.

In 1962 Posts and Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 1962 (V of 1962) was enacted which amended Telegraph Act, 1885, The Post Office Act, 1898 and The Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933. The purpose of the Amending Act was to split up the Postal Department and the Telegraph and Telephone Department. The PTT Department slumbered for about 30 years with no active, substantial and innovative development in telecom sector.

The arena of development, innovation and liberalization starts from 1990-1991. By 1991 the scenario changes, The Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act, 1991 (Act XVIII of 1991) was promulgated which created the independent statutory corporation named “Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC)” and Telegraph & Telephone Department was merged into PTC. The Corporation with perpetual succession took over all the assets and liabilities of the PTT Department. In pursuance to government competitive and liberalization policy in relation to telecom opened field to private sector and PTC started out-sourcing few of its services i.e card payphones services and pre paid calling card operations to private companies. Although in the Act of 1991 there was no regulator in its true sense but attributes of regulator, to some extent, were existent in PTC. The PTC was responsible in the field of telecommunication for development, research, improvement in quality, advice to government and determination of tariff subject to approval of government, maintain liaison with foreign government and other obligations as any regulator performs.

In 1994 in order to further liberalize and open the telecom industry and to transfer the telecommunication services to private sector and the matters connected thereto the Presidential Ordinance “Telecommunication Ordinance, 1994 (Ordinance LI of 1994)” was promulgated on 13th July 1994. To promote, maintain fair competition and regulate the telecom industry and telecom services the regulatory bodies “The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)”, “Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) and “National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC)” were established.

The independent regulator (PTA) was established for the first time in the history of telecommunication field in Pakistan under the 1994 Ordinance. The Ordinance also caused the federal government to incorporate the “Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL)” under the company ordinance, 1984 which replaced the PTC. The Company was provided the exclusivity to provide the basic telephone services in Pakistan for a period of seven years.

The Ordinance of 1994 repealed The Telegraph Act, 1885 (XIII of 1885) and certain sections of Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act, 1991. The 1994 Ordinance was to face its constitutional death upon expiry of four month as declared in Article 89 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973, therefore, before its constitutional expiry life was given to it afresh through another Presidential Ordinance No. LXXVII of 1994 dated 7th November 1994. This Presidential Legislation under Article 89 of the Constitution continued until the Ordinance was presented in the Parliament. The Presidential Ordinances are Ordinances Nos. (XXIII of 1995 dated 7th March, 1995), (LXIII of 1995 dated 5th July, 1995), (CIII of 1995 dated 30th October, 1995) and Pakistan Telecommunication (Re-Organization) Ordinance, 1995 (CXV of 1995) dated 27th November, 1995. (XXX of 1996 dated 7th March, 1996) and Ordinance No. LXXVII of 1996 dated 4th July, 1996. Every subsequent ordinance repealed the previous one. Finally the “Pakistan Telecommunication (Re-organization) Act, 1996 (XVII of 1996)” was passed on 17th October 1996.

Some of the salient features of the Act of 1996 are:

• Creation of Regulator
• Regulation of Telecommunication Industry and Services
• Transfer of telecommunication regime to private sector
• Powers of Federal Government to Issue Policy Directives
• Licensing
• Establishment of PTCL as Company under the Companies Ordinance, 1984
• Creation of National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) to provide telecom services to armed forces, defence projects, federal government, provincial governments and local authorities etc.
• Formation of Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) with the responsibility of allotment and management of frequency spectrum. The FAB replaced the Pakistan Wireless Board established under “The Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933” and took over the function of the Wireless Board.
• Creation of Pakistan Telecommunication Employees Trust with the object of to take care of the interests of the employees of the Company.

Deregulation Policy 2003:

Section 8 of the Act of 1996 empowers the federal government to issue policy directives and PTA is under obligation to adhere and comply with the directives. Deregulation implies the removal of control of the government. It also implies the liberalization of the telecom market.

The exclusivity of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) to provide basic telephone services under the Act of 1996 expired on 31st December 2002. In July 2003 the Government of Pakistan (GoP) announced “Deregulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector”. The Policy sets out the following objectives :

Mobile Cellular Policy 2004:

GoP has announced it Cellular Policy. The policy objectives are:

In pursuance and compliance of the Cellular Policy, the Regulator has issued licenses to the foreign companies.

Subordinate Legislations:

The Act of 19

Want to Live Debt Free? These Tips Will Help
Do you dream about being debt free some day? This can be a reality if you follow some basic rules and do what it takes. To start down the road to financial freedom you need to do a few things first. Are you ready? Let's go.Tip #1. You need to admit there is a problem.Is there not enough cash coming in or is it spent too quickly, or both? Is the money spent on non-essentials? Is the income being spent unwisely on luxury items that you cannot really afford? Do you know how much you really have to spend? Do you know how much you owe and to whom?You need to honestly answer these questions and be prepared to take some action.Tip #2. You need a make a plan and stick to it.First of all, you need to know your financial situation. Take out all your credit cards' statements and add up the outstanding balances. Make a plan to reduce the debt to a certain level within a fixed period of time. Once this is done there are tools you can use from the Internet to track your spending and your debt reduction.Imagine what you will be able to do with the money you currently use to pay off debt.Tip #3. Never add to your debt. Cut up the credit cards and live within your means.Work out ways to cut down on your expenses so that you can live within your means. Start to put some funds aside for emergencies. You can cut down your expenses easily if you just think creatively. Here are a few suggestions to get you started.a) Anything you need (not just want) can usually be bought at a sale. Commit to not buying at retail prices again. Look in newspapers, wait for sales and be patient.b) Cook at home a lot more often. Freeze leftovers. Plan you food needs for the week. Make your lunch for work instead of buying it each day.c) Read magazines, get DVDs and Videos for free from your local library.d) Take up a hobby. Get busy - shop less. Maybe your hobby can create some income?e) Give up the coffee

, Telegraph & Telephone under the Act of 1885. The Act granted exclusive privilege to Government (Posts, Telegraph & Telephone [PTT] Department to establish, maintain, working, licencing, regulating the Telegraph within or any part of Pakistan. The government was the governing and controlling authority of telecom sector in Pakistan. Likewise, The Wireless Telegraphy Act was enacted in order to regulate the possession of wireless telegraph apparatus.

Some of the salient features of the Act of 1996 are:

Deregulation Policy 2003:

Mobile Cellular Policy 2004:

GoP has announced it Cellular Policy. The policy objectives are:

In pursuance and compliance of the Cellular Policy, the Regulator has issued licenses to the foreign companies.

Subordinate Legislations:

The Act of 1

The Value of Web Presence for Small Businesses
Undoubtedly, the internet can make the difference between a successful small business and one ignored by customers. Due to the global nature of the Internet surpassing physical frontiers between nations, and even making it unnecessary to use printed business cards when they can easily be hosted online.Web presence can make small businesses more competitive from any angle, allowing you to understand new trends, as well as discover opportunities and problems without wasting time. A small business with Internet presence improves your opportunity to connect with a number of suppliers and customers that otherwise might not be possible in your local area.Furthermore, traditional printed business cards including an Internet address, not only opens a new range of possibilities to succeed, but also is a way to increase your communications, showing an appealing professional appearance, no matter how big or small your business or company is actually.In fact, you will be surprised to see prospective clients seeking what they want through search engines. Others might check for URLs in business cards instead of browsing the printed yellow pages, because a web presence translates is synonym to having a shop or booth in every corner of the world, where every individual or small business can have the same presence as the big enterprises.Of course, budget, skills, knowledge and other Internet resources determine the performance of every small business online. However, it will always be beneficial to develop your business web presence if you want to get customers from every location around the world or, as a practical alternative, you can create online business cards for you, your partners and employees.On the Internet, you will find a number of websites offering both services, development of your web presence and creating your online business cards, ranging from low-mid prices to those unaffordable for people who are just starting a new b

iff subject to approval of government, maintain liaison with foreign government and other obligations as any regulator performs.

Some of the salient features of the Act of 1996 are:

Deregulation Policy 2003:

Mobile Cellular Policy 2004:

GoP has announced it Cellular Policy. The policy objectives are:

In pursuance and compliance of the Cellular Policy, the Regulator has issued licenses to the foreign companies.

Subordinate Legislations:

The Act of 1

How To Legally Deliver Timely Marketing Messages with Automated Voice Mail Marketing
The phone rang; it was the telephone company telling me that my new phone service was now active. The week before that a local bookstore left a very nice message on my voice mail that told me the book I had ordered was now in stock and ready for either pick up at the store, or delivery, whichever was most convenient for me. I wasn’t at home when this call arrived. Here is how it works: A voice message left on your phone’s answering machine can be a 35-second pre-recorded audio message that sounds like a live call. As the paying advertiser, you can choose the content of the call, the style, length and even the gender of the voice making the call. This is done with a combination of hardware and software utilized by a specific service provider of voice marketing services. Typically a voice marketing campaign is launched between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. (when most folks are out) and can be targeted at a focused customer group or expanded to reach thousands of customers. If the call seems to sound realistic and being given by a live person, all the better. Marketers choose specific professional voices who “read” the copy so that it is what they call “professionally unprofessional sounding.” It sounds like a live person leaving the message. If the householder happens to be home (which happens in 20 percent of the cases), the sophisticated technology recognizes the algorithm of a voice owned by a human and immediately switches from a 35-second message to a shorter one, and quickly signs off.Automated voice messaging has been around for while. This is not new; but in this new age of “Do Not Call” lists and fines for telemarketers, it has taken on a whole new meaning…and importance. It’s a cost-effective way to legally deliver timely messages about sales, service, new products/services, or upcoming appointments to name just a few. Of importance too, is that these messages are likely to be delivered when the home owner is not at home. The response to these messa

ed 30th October, 1995) and Pakistan Telecommunication (Re-Organization) Ordinance, 1995 (CXV of 1995) dated 27th November, 1995. (XXX of 1996 dated 7th March, 1996) and Ordinance No. LXXVII of 1996 dated 4th July, 1996. Every subsequent ordinance repealed the previous one. Finally the “Pakistan Telecommunication (Re-organization) Act, 1996 (XVII of 1996)” was passed on 17th October 1996.

Some of the salient features of the Act of 1996 are:

Deregulation Policy 2003:

Mobile Cellular Policy 2004:

GoP has announced it Cellular Policy. The policy objectives are:

In pursuance and compliance of the Cellular Policy, the Regulator has issued licenses to the foreign companies.

Subordinate Legislations:

The Act of 1

Can you buy Shares of Verizon Now?
Approximately one week away from Verizon’s (VZ) third quarter results, many investors are speculating whether to purchase shares of this lucrative telecommunications giant. In search for answers by examining earnings from other powerful monsters, there is a mix bag in terms of what to expect for both Verizon and the telecommunication industry in general. However, just specifically in the case of Verizon, I believe the real question should not be placed into whether Verizon accumulates high margins when two years are compared with one another or if this company beats its EPS estimate by a few cents, but how will Verizon perform in the next few years.More than likely, with the giant status of Verizon, regardless of any significant changes from analyst expectations, Verizon shares should remain fairly steady when earnings for this company are reported in about one week time frame. You may say that anything is possible in this rational expectations market, but if you look at the technical side of this company over the past three years, you, as an investor would realize the sideways motion Verizon embodies. Fluctuating in the 30 to 40 point range for almost three years, Verizon looks very similar to other large cap giants such as Microsoft, reporting very little disturbances if at all in terms of share prices regardless of how earnings play out. While some investors may argue that such a stock represents a steady but guaranteed way of accumulating capital gains in the future, such a sentiment does not hold perfectly true with Verizon. Since its opening days about 25 years ago, Verizon has only grown 300% during that time period where much of that gain can be attributed to the overbought period of the late 1990s for the technology sector. While 300% may sound pretty lucrative to many investors, there are many other both well-established but relatively new companies on the market such as Google or Goldman Sachs which not only has the potential to reach 30

ent of Pakistan (GoP) announced “Deregulation Policy for the Telecommunication Sector”. The Policy sets out the following objectives :

Mobile Cellular Policy 2004:

GoP has announced it Cellular Policy. The policy objectives are:

In pursuance and compliance of the Cellular Policy, the Regulator has issued licenses to the foreign companies.

Subordinate Legislations:

The Act of 1996 sets and provides the broad framework, principles, authority and functions of the Regulator etc. The Act is silent about how the various telecom services, tariffs, interconnection guidelines and disputes arising therefrom, role and responsibilities of incumbent, accounting standards, reporting and problems faced by the companies inter are to be regulated and controlled? To meet the various situations, to control and regulate the services offered by the telecom companies and to create the fair competition environment, the rules and regulations have been framed by the Government and the Regulator. The various Rules, Regulations and Guidelines are:

i. Telecommunication Rules 2000

The Rules have been framed under Section 57 of the Pakistan Telecommunication (Re-Organization) Act, 1996. The Rules provides for the procedure of licencing procedure, its duration, renewal, modification, transfer, assignment or transfer and termination. The Rules further provide the Interconnection procedure, basis terms and conditions of Interconnection Agreement, Procedure in case of failure to agree and arrive at Interconnection Agreement, Interconnection Charges, and dispute resolution mechanism. The Rules also narrates the quality of services, exchange of information between the two operators, Tariff etc.

ii. Access Promotion Contribution Rules 2004:

Means the contribution made by Long Distance International (LDI) operator/licencee to Local Loop (LL) operator/licencee or Universal Service Fund (USF) created and maintained by Federal Government. USF has been established for providing access to telecom services to people living in un-served, underserved, rural and remote areas etc.

iii. Card Payphone Service Regulations 2004:

These have been issued by PTA under Section 5 (2) (O) of the Act of 1996. The Regulations deal with terms and condition of the licence, its modification, renewal and termination, monitoring procedure, accounting & auditing, Inspection by PTA, responsibilities, assignment, complaint systems, code of commercial practices, relationship with customers by the payphone operators and with other operators etc.

iv. Interconnection Dispute Resolution Regulations 2004:

The Regulations provide the comprehensive procedure of dispute resolutions between the operators .

v. Other Regulations and Guidelines:

The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority has framed and issued certain other regulations and guidelines. These are:

• Fixed Line Tariff Regulations 2004
• Vehicles Tracking Services Regulation 2004
• Burglar Alarm Services Regulations 2004
• Amateur Radio Services Regulations 2004
• Audio-tex Service Regulations 2004
• Non-voice Communication Network Service Regulations 2004
• Registration of Satellite Service Provider Regulations 2004
• Trunk Radio Services Regulations 2004
• Interconnection Guidelines 2004
• Access Promotion Regulation 2005
• Number Allocation and Administration Regulation 2005
• Mobile Number Portability Regulations 2005

Regulator:

Generally there are two types of Regulators, the first is called the “Economy Wide Competition Regulator” as the Monopoly Control Authority established under the Monopoly Control and Restrictive Trade Practices Ordinance, 1970; and the other one is called the “Industry Regulator” .

Although the Industry Regulator was established in the year 1994 with the Promulgation of the Telecommunication Ordinance, 1994 but the real objective behind the creation of such Regulator was the need of independent, technical, expert and legal body to cope with some key issues, besides others, such as change over of telecom sector from monopoly to competition, protection of the rights of the companies competing with incumbents and to provide safeguard the interest of the users of the telecommunication services.

An Ideal Regulator is expected to :

• Determine the size of the telecommunications market by providing licences for the purposes of delivering telecommunication services.
• To foster healthy relations between the different service providers by overseeing interconnection agreements so that service providers have equal access to the network provider by the dominant operator.
• To resolve disputes and maintain a level playing filed or regulate for fair competition so that the dominant operator does not abuse his or her dominance in the market place.
• To meet the policy goals so that consumers are protected against high prices, poor quality of services, inadequate infrastructure, limited services, unsafe equipment and neglect by the service provider.
• To address consumer complaints and solve them amicably.
• To ensure efficient use of frequency spectrum and space for the provision of information technology services.
• To encourage investment, innovation and optimum growth of the sector (or related sectors) and operators’ performance.
• To administer the numbering plan so that there are sufficient numbers available.
• To monitor compliance with national and international telecommunications equipment supplier and service providers.
• To monitor compliance with national and international telecommunications equipment suppliers and service providers.

PTA has all the traits of a good regulator and its primary functions, powers and responsibilities are:

To regulate the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems and the provisions of telecommunication services; receive and dispose of application for the use of radio-frequency spectrum; promote and protect the interest of the users of telecommunication; promote and available the high quality, efficient and cost effective telecommunication services; investigate and adjudicate on complaints; grant, renew, modify, transfer, monitor and enforce the telecom licences; regulate tariffs and prescribe telecommunication equipments; provide guidelines and determine the terms of interconnect arrangements .

In the larger context, we hope, that PTA shall keep up, adhere to, perform and enforce the telecom laws without any discrimination between the incumbents and the other telecom operators so that the healthy competitive environment could flourish and shall further keep herself abreast of the latest development, law and technology, in telecom sector.

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